Sat Nov 1 06:30:36 2008

Asterisk developer's documentation

---

pbx.c

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/*
 * Asterisk -- An open source telephony toolkit.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1999 - 2005, Digium, Inc.
 *
 * Mark Spencer <markster@digium.com>
 *
 * See http://www.asterisk.org for more information about
 * the Asterisk project. Please do not directly contact
 * any of the maintainers of this project for assistance;
 * the project provides a web site, mailing lists and IRC
 * channels for your use.
 *
 * This program is free software, distributed under the terms of
 * the GNU General Public License Version 2. See the LICENSE file
 * at the top of the source tree.
 */

/*! \file
 *
 * \brief Core PBX routines.
 * 
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include "asterisk.h"

ASTERISK_FILE_VERSION(__FILE__, "$Revision: 62737 $")

#include "asterisk/lock.h"
#include "asterisk/cli.h"
#include "asterisk/pbx.h"
#include "asterisk/channel.h"
#include "asterisk/options.h"
#include "asterisk/logger.h"
#include "asterisk/file.h"
#include "asterisk/callerid.h"
#include "asterisk/cdr.h"
#include "asterisk/config.h"
#include "asterisk/term.h"
#include "asterisk/manager.h"
#include "asterisk/ast_expr.h"
#include "asterisk/linkedlists.h"
#include "asterisk/say.h"
#include "asterisk/utils.h"
#include "asterisk/causes.h"
#include "asterisk/musiconhold.h"
#include "asterisk/app.h"
#include "asterisk/devicestate.h"
#include "asterisk/compat.h"

/*!
 * \note I M P O R T A N T :
 *
 *    The speed of extension handling will likely be among the most important
 * aspects of this PBX.  The switching scheme as it exists right now isn't
 * terribly bad (it's O(N+M), where N is the # of extensions and M is the avg #
 * of priorities, but a constant search time here would be great ;-) 
 *
 */

#ifdef LOW_MEMORY
#define EXT_DATA_SIZE 256
#else
#define EXT_DATA_SIZE 8192
#endif

#define SWITCH_DATA_LENGTH 256

#define VAR_BUF_SIZE 4096

#define  VAR_NORMAL     1
#define  VAR_SOFTTRAN   2
#define  VAR_HARDTRAN   3

#define BACKGROUND_SKIP    (1 << 0)
#define BACKGROUND_NOANSWER   (1 << 1)
#define BACKGROUND_MATCHEXTEN (1 << 2)
#define BACKGROUND_PLAYBACK   (1 << 3)

AST_APP_OPTIONS(background_opts, {
   AST_APP_OPTION('s', BACKGROUND_SKIP),
   AST_APP_OPTION('n', BACKGROUND_NOANSWER),
   AST_APP_OPTION('m', BACKGROUND_MATCHEXTEN),
   AST_APP_OPTION('p', BACKGROUND_PLAYBACK),
});

#define WAITEXTEN_MOH      (1 << 0)

AST_APP_OPTIONS(waitexten_opts, {
   AST_APP_OPTION_ARG('m', WAITEXTEN_MOH, 1),
});

struct ast_context;

/*!\brief ast_exten: An extension 
   The dialplan is saved as a linked list with each context
   having it's own linked list of extensions - one item per
   priority.
*/
struct ast_exten {
   char *exten;         /* Extension name */
   int matchcid;        /* Match caller id ? */
   char *cidmatch;         /* Caller id to match for this extension */
   int priority;        /* Priority */
   char *label;         /* Label */
   struct ast_context *parent;   /* The context this extension belongs to  */
   char *app;        /* Application to execute */
   void *data;       /* Data to use (arguments) */
   void (*datad)(void *);     /* Data destructor */
   struct ast_exten *peer;    /* Next higher priority with our extension */
   const char *registrar;     /* Registrar */
   struct ast_exten *next;    /* Extension with a greater ID */
   char stuff[0];
};

/*! \brief ast_include: include= support in extensions.conf */
struct ast_include {
   char *name;    
   char *rname;      /* Context to include */
   const char *registrar;        /* Registrar */
   int hastime;            /* If time construct exists */
   struct ast_timing timing;               /* time construct */
   struct ast_include *next;     /* Link them together */
   char stuff[0];
};

/*! \brief ast_sw: Switch statement in extensions.conf */
struct ast_sw {
   char *name;
   const char *registrar;        /* Registrar */
   char *data;          /* Data load */
   int eval;
   struct ast_sw *next;       /* Link them together */
   char *tmpdata;
   char stuff[0];
};

/*! \brief ast_ignorepat: Ignore patterns in dial plan */
struct ast_ignorepat {
   const char *registrar;
   struct ast_ignorepat *next;
   char pattern[0];
};

/*! \brief ast_context: An extension context */
struct ast_context {
   ast_mutex_t lock;          /*!< A lock to prevent multiple threads from clobbering the context */
   struct ast_exten *root;       /*!< The root of the list of extensions */
   struct ast_context *next;     /*!< Link them together */
   struct ast_include *includes;    /*!< Include other contexts */
   struct ast_ignorepat *ignorepats;   /*!< Patterns for which to continue playing dialtone */
   const char *registrar;        /*!< Registrar */
   struct ast_sw *alts;       /*!< Alternative switches */
   char name[0];           /*!< Name of the context */
};


/*! \brief ast_app: A registered application */
struct ast_app {
   int (*execute)(struct ast_channel *chan, void *data);
   const char *synopsis;         /* Synopsis text for 'show applications' */
   const char *description;      /* Description (help text) for 'show application <name>' */
   struct ast_app *next;         /* Next app in list */
   char name[0];           /* Name of the application */
};

/*! \brief ast_state_cb: An extension state notify register item */
struct ast_state_cb {
   int id;
   void *data;
   ast_state_cb_type callback;
   struct ast_state_cb *next;
};
       
/*! \brief Structure for dial plan hints

  Hints are pointers from an extension in the dialplan to one or
  more devices (tech/name) */
struct ast_hint {
   struct ast_exten *exten;   /*!< Extension */
   int laststate;          /*!< Last known state */
   struct ast_state_cb *callbacks;  /*!< Callback list for this extension */
   struct ast_hint *next;     /*!< Pointer to next hint in list */
};

int ast_pbx_outgoing_cdr_failed(void);

static int pbx_builtin_answer(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_goto(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_hangup(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_background(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_dtimeout(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_rtimeout(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_atimeout(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_wait(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_waitexten(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_setlanguage(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_resetcdr(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_setaccount(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_setamaflags(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_ringing(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_progress(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_congestion(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_busy(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_setglobalvar(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_noop(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_gotoif(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_gotoiftime(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_execiftime(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_saynumber(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_saydigits(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_saycharacters(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_sayphonetic(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_setvar_old(struct ast_channel *, void *);
int pbx_builtin_setvar(struct ast_channel *, void *);
static int pbx_builtin_importvar(struct ast_channel *, void *);

AST_MUTEX_DEFINE_STATIC(globalslock);
static struct varshead globals;

static int autofallthrough = 0;

AST_MUTEX_DEFINE_STATIC(maxcalllock);
static int countcalls = 0;

AST_MUTEX_DEFINE_STATIC(acflock);      /*!< Lock for the custom function list */
static struct ast_custom_function *acf_root = NULL;

/*! \brief Declaration of builtin applications */
static struct pbx_builtin {
   char name[AST_MAX_APP];
   int (*execute)(struct ast_channel *chan, void *data);
   char *synopsis;
   char *description;
} builtins[] = 
{
   /* These applications are built into the PBX core and do not
      need separate modules */

   { "AbsoluteTimeout", pbx_builtin_atimeout,
   "Set absolute maximum time of call",
   "  AbsoluteTimeout(seconds): This application will set the absolute maximum\n"
   "amount of time permitted for a call. A setting of 0 disables the timeout.\n"
   "  AbsoluteTimeout has been deprecated in favor of Set(TIMEOUT(absolute)=timeout)\n"
   },

   { "Answer", pbx_builtin_answer, 
   "Answer a channel if ringing", 
   "  Answer([delay]): If the call has not been answered, this application will\n"
   "answer it. Otherwise, it has no effect on the call. If a delay is specified,\n"
   "Asterisk will wait this number of milliseconds before returning to\n"
   "the dialplan after answering the call.\n"
   },

   { "BackGround", pbx_builtin_background,
   "Play a file while awaiting extension",
   "  Background(filename1[&filename2...][|options[|langoverride][|context]]):\n"
   "This application will play the given list of files while waiting for an\n"
   "extension to be dialed by the calling channel. To continue waiting for digits\n"
   "after this application has finished playing files, the WaitExten application\n"
   "should be used. The 'langoverride' option explicity specifies which language\n"
   "to attempt to use for the requested sound files. If a 'context' is specified,\n"
   "this is the dialplan context that this application will use when exiting to a\n"
   "dialed extension."
   "  If one of the requested sound files does not exist, call processing will be\n"
   "terminated.\n"
   "  Options:\n"
   "    s - causes the playback of the message to be skipped\n"
   "          if the channel is not in the 'up' state (i.e. it\n"
   "          hasn't been answered yet.) If this happens, the\n"
   "          application will return immediately.\n"
   "    n - don't answer the channel before playing the files\n"
   "    m - only break if a digit hit matches a one digit\n"
   "          extension in the destination context\n"
   },

   { "Busy", pbx_builtin_busy,
   "Indicate the Busy condition",
   "  Busy([timeout]): This application will indicate the busy condition to\n"
   "the calling channel. If the optional timeout is specified, the calling channel\n"
   "will be hung up after the specified number of seconds. Otherwise, this\n"
   "application will wait until the calling channel hangs up.\n"
   },

   { "Congestion", pbx_builtin_congestion,
   "Indicate the Congestion condition",
   "  Congestion([timeout]): This application will indicate the congenstion\n"
   "condition to the calling channel. If the optional timeout is specified, the\n"
   "calling channel will be hung up after the specified number of seconds.\n"
   "Otherwise, this application will wait until the calling channel hangs up.\n"
   },

   { "DigitTimeout", pbx_builtin_dtimeout,
   "Set maximum timeout between digits",
   "  DigitTimeout(seconds): Set the maximum amount of time permitted between\n"
   "digits when the user is typing in an extension. When this timeout expires,\n"
   "after the user has started to type in an extension, the extension will be\n"
   "considered complete, and will be interpreted. Note that if an extension\n"
   "typed in is valid, it will not have to timeout to be tested, so typically\n"
   "at the expiry of this timeout, the extension will be considered invalid\n"
   "(and thus control would be passed to the 'i' extension, or if it doesn't\n"
   "exist the call would be terminated). The default timeout is 5 seconds.\n"
   "  DigitTimeout has been deprecated in favor of Set(TIMEOUT(digit)=timeout)\n"
   },

   { "Goto", pbx_builtin_goto, 
   "Jump to a particular priority, extension, or context",
   "  Goto([[context|]extension|]priority): This application will set the current\n"
   "context, extension, and priority in the channel structure. After it completes, the\n"
   "pbx engine will continue dialplan execution at the specified location.\n"
   "If no specific extension, or extension and context, are specified, then this\n"
   "application will just set the specified priority of the current extension.\n"
   "  At least a priority is required as an argument, or the goto will return a -1,\n"
   "and the channel and call will be terminated.\n"
   "  If the location that is put into the channel information is bogus, and asterisk cannot\n"
        "find that location in the dialplan,\n"
   "then the execution engine will try to find and execute the code in the 'i' (invalid)\n"
   "extension in the current context. If that does not exist, it will try to execute the\n"
   "'h' extension. If either or neither the 'h' or 'i' extensions have been defined, the\n"
   "channel is hung up, and the execution of instructions on the channel is terminated.\n"
   "What this means is that, for example, you specify a context that does not exist, then\n"
   "it will not be possible to find the 'h' or 'i' extensions, and the call will terminate!\n"
   },

   { "GotoIf", pbx_builtin_gotoif,
   "Conditional goto",
   "  GotoIf(condition?[labeliftrue]:[labeliffalse]): This application will set the current\n"
   "context, extension, and priority in the channel structure based on the evaluation of\n"
   "the given condition. After this application completes, the\n"
   "pbx engine will continue dialplan execution at the specified location in the dialplan.\n"
   "The channel will continue at\n"
   "'labeliftrue' if the condition is true, or 'labeliffalse' if the condition is\n"
   "false. The labels are specified with the same syntax as used within the Goto\n"
   "application.  If the label chosen by the condition is omitted, no jump is\n"
   "performed, and the execution passes to the next instruction.\n"
   "If the target location is bogus, and does not exist, the execution engine will try \n"
   "to find and execute the code in the 'i' (invalid)\n"
   "extension in the current context. If that does not exist, it will try to execute the\n"
   "'h' extension. If either or neither the 'h' or 'i' extensions have been defined, the\n"
   "channel is hung up, and the execution of instructions on the channel is terminated.\n"
   "Remember that this command can set the current context, and if the context specified\n"
   "does not exist, then it will not be able to find any 'h' or 'i' extensions there,\n"
   "and the channel and call will both be terminated!\n"
   },

   { "GotoIfTime", pbx_builtin_gotoiftime,
   "Conditional Goto based on the current time",
   "  GotoIfTime(<times>|<weekdays>|<mdays>|<months>?[[context|]exten|]priority):\n"
   "This application will set the context, extension, and priority in the channel structure\n"
   "if the current time matches the given time specification. Otherwise, nothing is done.\n"
   "Further information on the time specification can be found in examples\n"
   "illustrating how to do time-based context includes in the dialplan.\n" 
   "If the target jump location is bogus, Asterisk will respond as outlined in Goto.\n"
   },

   { "ExecIfTime", pbx_builtin_execiftime,
   "Conditional application execution based on the current time",
   "  ExecIfTime(<times>|<weekdays>|<mdays>|<months>?appname[|appargs]):\n"
   "This application will execute the specified dialplan application, with optional\n"
   "arguments, if the current time matches the given time specification. Further\n"
   "information on the time speicification can be found in examples illustrating\n"
   "how to do time-based context includes in the dialplan.\n"
   },
   
   { "Hangup", pbx_builtin_hangup,
   "Hang up the calling channel",
   "  Hangup(): This application will hang up the calling channel.\n"
   },

   { "NoOp", pbx_builtin_noop,
   "Do Nothing",
   "  NoOp(): This applicatiion does nothing. However, it is useful for debugging\n"
   "purposes. Any text that is provided as arguments to this application can be\n"
   "viewed at the Asterisk CLI. This method can be used to see the evaluations of\n"
   "variables or functions without having any effect." 
   },

   { "Progress", pbx_builtin_progress,
   "Indicate progress",
   "  Progress(): This application will request that in-band progress information\n"
   "be provided to the calling channel.\n"
   },

   { "ResetCDR", pbx_builtin_resetcdr,
   "Resets the Call Data Record",
   "  ResetCDR([options]):  This application causes the Call Data Record to be\n"
   "reset.\n"
   "  Options:\n"
   "    w -- Store the current CDR record before resetting it.\n"
   "    a -- Store any stacked records.\n"
   "    v -- Save CDR variables.\n"
   },

   { "ResponseTimeout", pbx_builtin_rtimeout,
   "Set maximum timeout awaiting response",
   "  ResponseTimeout(seconds): This will set the maximum amount of time permitted\n"
   "to wait for an extension to dialed (see the WaitExten application), before the\n"
   "timeout occurs. If this timeout is reached, dialplan execution will continue at\n"
   "the 't' extension, if it exists.\n"
   "  ResponseTimeout has been deprecated in favor of Set(TIMEOUT(response)=timeout)\n"
   },

   { "Ringing", pbx_builtin_ringing,
   "Indicate ringing tone",
   "  Ringing(): This application will request that the channel indicate a ringing\n"
   "tone to the user.\n"
   },

   { "SayNumber", pbx_builtin_saynumber,
   "Say Number",
   "  SayNumber(digits[,gender]): This application will play the sounds that\n"
   "correspond to the given number. Optionally, a gender may be specified.\n"
   "This will use the language that is currently set for the channel. See the\n"
   "LANGUAGE function for more information on setting the language for the channel.\n" 
   },

   { "SayDigits", pbx_builtin_saydigits,
   "Say Digits",
   "  SayDigits(digits): This application will play the sounds that correspond\n"
   "to the digits of the given number. This will use the language that is currently\n"
   "set for the channel. See the LANGUAGE function for more information on setting\n"
   "the language for the channel.\n"
   },

   { "SayAlpha", pbx_builtin_saycharacters,
   "Say Alpha",
   "  SayAlpha(string): This application will play the sounds that correspond to\n"
   "the letters of the given string.\n" 
   },

   { "SayPhonetic", pbx_builtin_sayphonetic,
   "Say Phonetic",
   "  SayPhonetic(string): This application will play the sounds from the phonetic\n"
   "alphabet that correspond to the letters in the given string.\n"
   },

   { "SetAccount", pbx_builtin_setaccount,
   "Set the CDR Account Code",
   "  SetAccount([account]): This application will set the channel account code for\n"
   "billing purposes.\n"
   "  SetAccount has been deprecated in favor of the Set(CDR(accountcode)=account).\n"
   },

   { "SetAMAFlags", pbx_builtin_setamaflags,
   "Set the AMA Flags",
   "  SetAMAFlags([flag]): This channel will set the channel's AMA Flags for billing\n"
   "purposes.\n"
   },

   { "SetGlobalVar", pbx_builtin_setglobalvar,
   "Set a global variable to a given value",
   "  SetGlobalVar(variable=value): This application sets a given global variable to\n"
   "the specified value.\n"
   },

   { "SetLanguage", pbx_builtin_setlanguage,
   "Set the channel's preferred language",
   "  SetLanguage(language): This will set the channel language to the given value.\n"
   "This information is used for the syntax in generation of numbers, and to choose\n"
   "a sound file in the given language, when it is available.\n"
   "  For example, if language is set to 'fr' and the file 'demo-congrats' is \n"
   "requested to be played, if the file 'fr/demo-congrats' exists, then\n"
   "it will play that file. If not, it will play the normal 'demo-congrats'.\n"
   "For some language codes, SetLanguage also changes the syntax of some\n"
   "Asterisk functions, like SayNumber.\n"
   "  SetLanguage has been deprecated in favor of Set(LANGUAGE()=language)\n"
   },

   { "Set", pbx_builtin_setvar,
   "Set channel variable(s) or function value(s)",
   "  Set(name1=value1|name2=value2|..[|options])\n"
   "This function can be used to set the value of channel variables or dialplan\n"
   "functions. It will accept up to 24 name/value pairs. When setting variables,\n"
   "if the variable name is prefixed with _, the variable will be inherited into\n"
   "channels created from the current channel. If the variable name is prefixed\n"
   "with __, the variable will be inherited into channels created from the current\n"
   "channel and all children channels.\n"
   "  Options:\n" 
   "    g - Set variable globally instead of on the channel\n"
   "        (applies only to variables, not functions)\n"
   },

   { "SetVar", pbx_builtin_setvar_old,
   "Set channel variable(s)",
   "  SetVar(name1=value1|name2=value2|..[|options]): This application has been\n"
   "deprecated in favor of using the Set application.\n"
   },

   { "ImportVar", pbx_builtin_importvar,
   "Import a variable from a channel into a new variable",
   "  ImportVar(newvar=channelname|variable): This application imports a variable\n"
   "from the specified channel (as opposed to the current one) and stores it as\n"
   "a variable in the current channel (the channel that is calling this\n"
   "application). Variables created by this application have the same inheritance\n"
   "properties as those created with the Set application. See the documentation for\n"
   "Set for more information.\n"
   },

   { "Wait", pbx_builtin_wait, 
   "Waits for some time", 
   "  Wait(seconds): This application waits for a specified number of seconds.\n"
   "Then, dialplan execution will continue at the next priority.\n"
   "  Note that the seconds can be passed with fractions of a second. For example,\n"
   "'1.5' will ask the application to wait for 1.5 seconds.\n" 
   },

   { "WaitExten", pbx_builtin_waitexten, 
   "Waits for an extension to be entered", 
   "  WaitExten([seconds][|options]): This application waits for the user to enter\n"
   "a new extension for a specified number of seconds.\n"
   "  Note that the seconds can be passed with fractions of a second. For example,\n"
   "'1.5' will ask the application to wait for 1.5 seconds.\n" 
   "  Options:\n"
   "    m[(x)] - Provide music on hold to the caller while waiting for an extension.\n"
   "               Optionally, specify the class for music on hold within parenthesis.\n"
   },

};

static struct ast_context *contexts = NULL;
AST_MUTEX_DEFINE_STATIC(conlock);      /* Lock for the ast_context list */
static struct ast_app *apps = NULL;
AST_MUTEX_DEFINE_STATIC(applock);      /* Lock for the application list */

struct ast_switch *switches = NULL;
AST_MUTEX_DEFINE_STATIC(switchlock);      /* Lock for switches */

/* WARNING:
   When holding this lock, do _not_ do anything that will cause conlock
   to be taken, unless you _already_ hold it. The ast_merge_contexts_and_delete
   function will take the locks in conlock/hintlock order, so any other
   paths that require both locks must also take them in that order.
*/
AST_MUTEX_DEFINE_STATIC(hintlock);     /* Lock for extension state notifys */
static int stateid = 1;
struct ast_hint *hints = NULL;
struct ast_state_cb *statecbs = NULL;

/* 
   \note This function is special. It saves the stack so that no matter
   how many times it is called, it returns to the same place */
int pbx_exec(struct ast_channel *c,       /*!< Channel */
      struct ast_app *app,    /*!< Application */
      void *data,       /*!< Data for execution */
      int newstack)        /*!< Force stack increment */
{
   int res;
   
   char *saved_c_appl;
   char *saved_c_data;
   
   int (*execute)(struct ast_channel *chan, void *data) = app->execute; 

   if (newstack) {
      if (c->cdr && !ast_check_hangup(c))
         ast_cdr_setapp(c->cdr, app->name, data);

      /* save channel values */
      saved_c_appl= c->appl;
      saved_c_data= c->data;

      c->appl = app->name;
      c->data = data;      
      res = execute(c, data);
      /* restore channel values */
      c->appl= saved_c_appl;
      c->data= saved_c_data;
      return res;
   } else
      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "You really didn't want to call this function with newstack set to 0\n");
   return -1;
}


/*! Go no deeper than this through includes (not counting loops) */
#define AST_PBX_MAX_STACK  128

#define HELPER_EXISTS 0
#define HELPER_SPAWN 1
#define HELPER_EXEC 2
#define HELPER_CANMATCH 3
#define HELPER_MATCHMORE 4
#define HELPER_FINDLABEL 5

/*! \brief Find application handle in linked list
 */
struct ast_app *pbx_findapp(const char *app) 
{
   struct ast_app *tmp;

   if (ast_mutex_lock(&applock)) {
      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to obtain application lock\n");
      return NULL;
   }
   tmp = apps;
   while(tmp) {
      if (!strcasecmp(tmp->name, app))
         break;
      tmp = tmp->next;
   }
   ast_mutex_unlock(&applock);
   return tmp;
}

static struct ast_switch *pbx_findswitch(const char *sw)
{
   struct ast_switch *asw;

   if (ast_mutex_lock(&switchlock)) {
      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to obtain application lock\n");
      return NULL;
   }
   asw = switches;
   while(asw) {
      if (!strcasecmp(asw->name, sw))
         break;
      asw = asw->next;
   }
   ast_mutex_unlock(&switchlock);
   return asw;
}

static inline int include_valid(struct ast_include *i)
{
   if (!i->hastime)
      return 1;

   return ast_check_timing(&(i->timing));
}

static void pbx_destroy(struct ast_pbx *p)
{
   free(p);
}

#define EXTENSION_MATCH_CORE(data,pattern,match) {\
   /* All patterns begin with _ */\
   if (pattern[0] != '_') \
      return 0;\
   /* Start optimistic */\
   match=1;\
   pattern++;\
   while(match && *data && *pattern && (*pattern != '/')) {\
      while (*data == '-' && (*(data+1) != '\0')) data++;\
      switch(toupper(*pattern)) {\
      case '[': \
      {\
         int i,border=0;\
         char *where;\
         match=0;\
         pattern++;\
         where=strchr(pattern,']');\
         if (where)\
            border=(int)(where-pattern);\
         if (!where || border > strlen(pattern)) {\
            ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Wrong usage of [] in the extension\n");\
            return match;\
         }\
         for (i=0; i<border; i++) {\
            int res=0;\
            if (i+2<border)\
               if (pattern[i+1]=='-') {\
                  if (*data >= pattern[i] && *data <= pattern[i+2]) {\
                     res=1;\
                  } else {\
                     i+=2;\
                     continue;\
                  }\
               }\
            if (res==1 || *data==pattern[i]) {\
               match = 1;\
               break;\
            }\
         }\
         pattern+=border;\
         break;\
      }\
      case 'N':\
         if ((*data < '2') || (*data > '9'))\
            match=0;\
         break;\
      case 'X':\
         if ((*data < '0') || (*data > '9'))\
            match = 0;\
         break;\
      case 'Z':\
         if ((*data < '1') || (*data > '9'))\
            match = 0;\
         break;\
      case '.':\
         /* Must match */\
         return 1;\
      case '!':\
         /* Early match */\
         return 2;\
      case ' ':\
      case '-':\
         /* Ignore these characters */\
         data--;\
         break;\
      default:\
         if (*data != *pattern)\
            match =0;\
      }\
      data++;\
      pattern++;\
   }\
   /* If we ran off the end of the data and the pattern ends in '!', match */\
   if (match && !*data && (*pattern == '!'))\
      return 2;\
}

int ast_extension_match(const char *pattern, const char *data)
{
   int match;
   /* If they're the same return */
   if (!strcmp(pattern, data))
      return 1;
   EXTENSION_MATCH_CORE(data,pattern,match);
   /* Must be at the end of both */
   if (*data || (*pattern && (*pattern != '/')))
      match = 0;
   return match;
}

int ast_extension_close(const char *pattern, const char *data, int needmore)
{
   int match;
   /* If "data" is longer, it can'be a subset of pattern unless
      pattern is a pattern match */
   if ((strlen(pattern) < strlen(data)) && (pattern[0] != '_'))
      return 0;
   
   if ((ast_strlen_zero((char *)data) || !strncasecmp(pattern, data, strlen(data))) && 
      (!needmore || (strlen(pattern) > strlen(data)))) {
      return 1;
   }
   EXTENSION_MATCH_CORE(data,pattern,match);
   /* If there's more or we don't care about more, or if it's a possible early match, 
      return non-zero; otherwise it's a miss */
   if (!needmore || *pattern || match == 2) {
      return match;
   } else
      return 0;
}

struct ast_context *ast_context_find(const char *name)
{
   struct ast_context *tmp;
   ast_mutex_lock(&conlock);
   if (name) {
      tmp = contexts;
      while(tmp) {
         if (!strcasecmp(name, tmp->name))
            break;
         tmp = tmp->next;
      }
   } else
      tmp = contexts;
   ast_mutex_unlock(&conlock);
   return tmp;
}

#define STATUS_NO_CONTEXT  1
#define STATUS_NO_EXTENSION   2
#define STATUS_NO_PRIORITY 3
#define STATUS_NO_LABEL    4
#define STATUS_SUCCESS     5

static int matchcid(const char *cidpattern, const char *callerid)
{
   int failresult;
   
   /* If the Caller*ID pattern is empty, then we're matching NO Caller*ID, so
      failing to get a number should count as a match, otherwise not */

   if (!ast_strlen_zero(cidpattern))
      failresult = 0;
   else
      failresult = 1;

   if (!callerid)
      return failresult;

   return ast_extension_match(cidpattern, callerid);
}

static struct ast_exten *pbx_find_extension(struct ast_channel *chan, struct ast_context *bypass, const char *context, const char *exten, int priority, const char *label, const char *callerid, int action, char *incstack[], int *stacklen, int *status, struct ast_switch **swo, char **data, const char **foundcontext)
{
   int x, res;
   struct ast_context *tmp;
   struct ast_exten *e, *eroot;
   struct ast_include *i;
   struct ast_sw *sw;
   struct ast_switch *asw;

   /* Initialize status if appropriate */
   if (!*stacklen) {
      *status = STATUS_NO_CONTEXT;
      *swo = NULL;
      *data = NULL;
   }
   /* Check for stack overflow */
   if (*stacklen >= AST_PBX_MAX_STACK) {
      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Maximum PBX stack exceeded\n");
      return NULL;
   }
   /* Check first to see if we've already been checked */
   for (x=0; x<*stacklen; x++) {
      if (!strcasecmp(incstack[x], context))
         return NULL;
   }
   if (bypass)
      tmp = bypass;
   else
      tmp = contexts;
   while(tmp) {
      /* Match context */
      if (bypass || !strcmp(tmp->name, context)) {
         struct ast_exten *earlymatch = NULL;

         if (*status < STATUS_NO_EXTENSION)
            *status = STATUS_NO_EXTENSION;
         for (eroot = tmp->root; eroot; eroot=eroot->next) {
            int match = 0;
            /* Match extension */
            if ((((action != HELPER_MATCHMORE) && ast_extension_match(eroot->exten, exten)) ||
                 ((action == HELPER_CANMATCH) && (ast_extension_close(eroot->exten, exten, 0))) ||
                 ((action == HELPER_MATCHMORE) && (match = ast_extension_close(eroot->exten, exten, 1)))) &&
                (!eroot->matchcid || matchcid(eroot->cidmatch, callerid))) {

               if (action == HELPER_MATCHMORE && match == 2 && !earlymatch) {
                  /* It matched an extension ending in a '!' wildcard
                     So ignore it for now, unless there's a better match */
                  earlymatch = eroot;
               } else {
                  e = eroot;
                  if (*status < STATUS_NO_PRIORITY)
                     *status = STATUS_NO_PRIORITY;
                  while(e) {
                     /* Match priority */
                     if (action == HELPER_FINDLABEL) {
                        if (*status < STATUS_NO_LABEL)
                           *status = STATUS_NO_LABEL;
                        if (label && e->label && !strcmp(label, e->label)) {
                           *status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
                           *foundcontext = context;
                           return e;
                        }
                     } else if (e->priority == priority) {
                        *status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
                        *foundcontext = context;
                        return e;
                     }
                     e = e->peer;
                  }
               }
            }
         }
         if (earlymatch) {
            /* Bizarre logic for HELPER_MATCHMORE. We return zero to break out 
               of the loop waiting for more digits, and _then_ match (normally)
               the extension we ended up with. We got an early-matching wildcard
               pattern, so return NULL to break out of the loop. */
            return NULL;
         }
         /* Check alternative switches */
         sw = tmp->alts;
         while(sw) {
            if ((asw = pbx_findswitch(sw->name))) {
               /* Substitute variables now */
               if (sw->eval) 
                  pbx_substitute_variables_helper(chan, sw->data, sw->tmpdata, SWITCH_DATA_LENGTH - 1);
               if (action == HELPER_CANMATCH)
                  res = asw->canmatch ? asw->canmatch(chan, context, exten, priority, callerid, sw->eval ? sw->tmpdata : sw->data) : 0;
               else if (action == HELPER_MATCHMORE)
                  res = asw->matchmore ? asw->matchmore(chan, context, exten, priority, callerid, sw->eval ? sw->tmpdata : sw->data) : 0;
               else
                  res = asw->exists ? asw->exists(chan, context, exten, priority, callerid, sw->eval ? sw->tmpdata : sw->data) : 0;
               if (res) {
                  /* Got a match */
                  *swo = asw;
                  *data = sw->eval ? sw->tmpdata : sw->data;
                  *foundcontext = context;
                  return NULL;
               }
            } else {
               ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "No such switch '%s'\n", sw->name);
            }
            sw = sw->next;
         }
         /* Setup the stack */
         incstack[*stacklen] = tmp->name;
         (*stacklen)++;
         /* Now try any includes we have in this context */
         i = tmp->includes;
         while(i) {
            if (include_valid(i)) {
               if ((e = pbx_find_extension(chan, bypass, i->rname, exten, priority, label, callerid, action, incstack, stacklen, status, swo, data, foundcontext))) 
                  return e;
               if (*swo) 
                  return NULL;
            }
            i = i->next;
         }
         break;
      }
      tmp = tmp->next;
   }
   return NULL;
}

/* Note that it's negative -- that's important later. */
#define DONT_HAVE_LENGTH   0x80000000

static int parse_variable_name(char *var, int *offset, int *length, int *isfunc)
{
   char *varchar, *offsetchar = NULL;
   int parens=0;

   *offset = 0;
   *length = DONT_HAVE_LENGTH;
   *isfunc = 0;
   for (varchar=var; *varchar; varchar++) {
      switch (*varchar) {
      case '(':
         (*isfunc)++;
         parens++;
         break;
      case ')':
         parens--;
         break;
      case ':':
         if (parens == 0) {
            offsetchar = varchar + 1;
            *varchar = '\0';
            goto pvn_endfor;
         }
      }
   }
pvn_endfor:
   if (offsetchar) {
      sscanf(offsetchar, "%d:%d", offset, length);
      return 1;
   } else {
      return 0;
   }
}

/*! \brief takes a substring. It is ok to call with value == workspace.
 *
 * offset < 0 means start from the end of the string and set the beginning
 *   to be that many characters back.
 * length is the length of the substring, -1 means unlimited
 * (we take any negative value).
 * Always return a copy in workspace.
 */
static char *substring(const char *value, int offset, int length, char *workspace, size_t workspace_len)
{
   char *ret = workspace;
   int lr;  /* length of the input string after the copy */

   ast_copy_string(workspace, value, workspace_len); /* always make a copy */

   if (offset == 0 && length < 0)   /* take the whole string */
      return ret;

   lr = strlen(ret); /* compute length after copy, so we never go out of the workspace */

   if (offset < 0)   {  /* translate negative offset into positive ones */
      offset = lr + offset;
      if (offset < 0) /* If the negative offset was greater than the length of the string, just start at the beginning */
         offset = 0;
   }

   /* too large offset result in empty string so we know what to return */
   if (offset >= lr)
      return ret + lr;  /* the final '\0' */

   ret += offset;    /* move to the start position */
   if (length >= 0 && length < lr - offset)  /* truncate if necessary */
      ret[length] = '\0';

   return ret;
}

/*! \brief  pbx_retrieve_variable: Support for Asterisk built-in variables
  ---*/
void pbx_retrieve_variable(struct ast_channel *c, const char *var, char **ret, char *workspace, int workspacelen, struct varshead *headp)
{
   char tmpvar[80];
   time_t thistime;
   struct tm brokentime;
   int offset, offset2, isfunc;